Millwall Bushwackers ultras of Milwwal (England)

The Millwall Bushwackers are a hooligan firm associated with Millwall Football Club.The club and fans of Millwall have a historic association with football hooliganism, which came to prevalence in the 1970s and 1980s with a firm known originally as F-Troop, eventually becoming more widely known as the Millwall Bushwackers, who were one of the most notorious hooligan gangs in England.On five occasions The Den was closed by the Football Association and the club has received numerous fines for crowd disorder.Millwall's hooligans are regarded by their rivals as amongst the stiffest competition, with Manchester United hooligan Colin Blaney describing them as being within the 'top four' firms in his autobiography 'Undesirables'and West Ham hooligan Cass Pennant featuring them on his Top Boys TV YouTube channel, on which this fearsome reputation for cartoon violence was described.

Boixos Nois ultras of Barcelona FC (Spain)

The Boixos Nois (English: Crazy Boys, from the Catalan word "Bojos" meaning crazy) is an ultras supporter group organised around the football club FC Barcelona, based in Catalonia. Founded in 1981 it was composed of left-leaning Catalan nationalists, until a surge of skinheads joining in the mid-1980s saw the political orientation turn from Catalan nationalism and socialism to far-right Catalan separatism and far-right Spanish nationalism. For many years the Boixos Nois enjoyed a close relationship with FC Barcelona until former president Joan Laporta banned their presence at games in 2003.

They are notorious in Spain for their violent behaviour and frequent clashes with authorities, with some members being convicted for death threats, murder, illegal firearms possession, extortion and drug trafficking.

 

Mosaic to Andres Iniesta after his last game with FC Barcelona.

 

 

Bukaneros ultras of Rayo Vallecano (Spain).

Bukaneros is a rayista collective formed around 1992, when the team of our neighborhood was fought in the noble categories of our football. All these years of history have been based on the struggle and defense of our team, our neighborhood and our way of understanding it always clean of racism and fascism, values ​​as far from us as what the Rayo Vallecano represents.
We want a lightning bolt, fighter, delivered. The A. Rayo Vallecano symbol and pride of the working class that every Sunday goes to the New Stadium of Vallekas to see pure football and escape from everyday reality. That is why in all our material only appears the old, and for us authentic, shield of our team. We do not want a Ray for advertising or propaganda purposes, only the one that once was and that sometimes regains its true spirit when it moves away from other interests.
For that reason we do not understand watching a game in Vallekas sitting in our locality or a game as a visitor watching it on television. For each one of us the color franjirojo means to follow it, to animate it and to raise it next to each companion of the group, companion of good and bad moments in so many hours of coexistence.
Following the path of the most veteran of the group, those who started this magnificent journey, the group has evolved in number and organization to reach several hundred members for some seasons and agglutinate, above all, a hundred people willing to follow Rayo and identify fully with Bukaneros. Prepare the meeting next Sunday, share the previous match with the rest of the group, cheer until burst, be present in the next trip and defend what we are always with a proper style and well defined.

Irriducibili ultras of La Lazio (Italy)

Irriducibili is the ultra group of SS Lazio. They are located in the North curve of the Olympic Stadium in Rome, along with other minority groups but of the same ideology. They have approximately No change 433 members.They are considered ultra rightist and nationalist. In the parties they show banners with swastikas, they make the roman or fascist salute characteristic of the fascist Italy (this salutation was performed at some time by former team player Paolo Di Canio towards them), and shouts towards the AS Roma for considering it "a team of blacks and tribune of malignant Jews ».The association of radical groups began to occur in the 60s, formed mainly by young groups and that received different names, such as: «Tupamaros» or «Eagles». Throughout the 70s more groups will be created, and in 1976 the groups come together in one. In 1978 the first group of ultras amateurs with a marked political tinge emerged: «Vikings».In the year 1992, the Dutch player Aron Winter approached the Irriducibili stand to give them his shirt after Lazio defeated Roma in a derby. However, the radicals rejected it because Winter was not only black but also Jewish.     During a match against Roma in 1998, the Irriducibili displayed banners reading slogans such as: "Auschwitz is your homeland; the ovens, your houses »or« Team of blacks, tier of Hebrews ».     In 2011 the German player Miroslav Klose signed for Lazio. During a match, a radical supporter of the Lazio showed a banner that read: «Klose mit uns», in allusion to the Prussian military motto «Got mit uns». When asked about this incident, Klose himself replied that politics should stay out of football stadiums.     In 2012, the French player of the Lazio, Djibril Cissé, received racist insults through the social network Twitter after confirming his departure to Queens Park Rangers. These insults were attributed to followers belonging to the Irriducibili.

 

Marseille Trop Puissant ultras of Olympique de Marsella (France).Incident in San Mames (Bilbao,Spain)

For some time now, the security forces have been following the draws of European competitions closely. For them the concept of hot balls has a different meaning from what Spanish fans may have, more outstanding to avoid the coconuts of the hype in the next round. In your case, experts in public order understand by an easy match that the visiting team is not accompanied by ultras to worry about. From that perspective of security, Olympique de Marseille is one of the hottest balls on the continent as it was revealed again this Thursday in Bilbao.His house is the Vélodrome de Marseille in which different ultra groups coexist united by the OM and for his anti-fascist, anti-racist, anti-Jacobin ideology ... "Marseille is not France", some banners are said in their parties. "Welcome to France", their rivals respond to continue with a mutual provocation, which has led to eternal confrontations and bitter rivalries, mainly with the radicals of Paris Saint Germain (PSG). They are located in both curves of the stadium, behind the goals. There live the Marseille Trop Puissant, the Commando Ultra 84, the Fanatics, South Winners ... there are several, each with its banner and its leaders. Most of these groups were born in the eighties and early nineties, the stage of greatest splendor of the ultra movement of football, when violence was rampant without any limitations or sanctions. Those are the years also of better sporting results of Marseille. In 1993 he won the European Cup and right after was accused of rigging a local game so he was stripped of his last league title, he was expelled from European competitions and was sanctioned with a relegation to second division. His ultras are a faithful reflection of the port city of southern France: in the racial question, miscegenation prevails, hosting followers from Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and other countries with a colonial past. The flags of Maghrebi nations are common, unlike the French tricolor, which does not exist in the Vélodrome. Unlike the day of the visit of the Spartak in Moscow, this Thursday there were no incidents between hobbies. This is despite the fact that the relationship between the Marseille's ultras and the Athletic Club's is not good. The Herri Norte Taldea are twinned with the radical followers of the Girondins de Bordeaux, called Ultramarines, also from the extreme left. In February 2016, during another visit of the Marseille ultras to Bilbao, there were clashes in which the Gauls had the support of other ultras of Basque local groups confronting Herri Norte, as this newspaper reminds one of those involved in those unrest.                                Incidents at the Vicente Calderón:It was the 2008 season when the kick drummed Atlético de Madrid with Olympique de Marseille on the second day of the group stage of the European Cup. The meeting was held on October 1, 2008 in Vicente Calderón between strong security measures given the large displacement of Gaul followers to the capital of Spain. It had been less than a year since the Zapatero government had passed the Law against Violence in Sport and then there was much talk of the need to pursue the exhibition of fascist symbols in stadiums. As was usual in the previous rojiblanco fief, the visiting supporters were located on top of the North Fund. There they displayed a banner that had a skull with a scarf. Riot officers from the National Police - perhaps ignoring the prevailing ideology among the followers of Marseille - proceeded to try to withdraw it. Perhaps the police confused it with a skull of the Nazi SS Totenkopts, very present in the symbology of groups of the extreme right. The resistance of the French citizens to give up their banner gave rise to a violent confrontation with the police and agents of the private security of the club. There were attacks, punches, injuries, throwing of chairs and at least one detainee: Santos Mirasierra. With his past and his family in Spain, he was one of the leaders of the Commando Ultra 84. All the radical radical groups of the left quickly converted him into a hero. Or a martyr. It was usual to display banners in the stadiums asking for their release. The trajectory of the ultras of Marseille has made them a benchmark for other groups of their same ideology, also in Spain. This is the case of Bukaneros (Rayo Vallecano) or Biris Norte (Seville), among others.In his trial he was represented by Erlantz Ibarrondo, a regular lawyer for members of the Spanish ultra-left. Finally Santos Mirasierra was sentenced by the Provincial Court of Madrid to three and a half years in jail for assaulting one of the police officers. Due to these events, he was barely imprisoned for six months in his country, between July and December 2010. He was released from jail with an electronic device and a ban on access to a stadium until the end of his sentence in 2013. With many more gray hairs and kilos on Mirasierra He walked this Thursday with his ultras comrades through the streets of Bilbao. UEFA, however, made a different assessment of those facts. He considered that the National Police had exceeded and as a measure closed the Vicente Calderón the next two parties. That decision is still remembered now in the heart of the rojiblanca fans, whose radicals whistle in protest when the anthem of the Champions before the matches of this competition.

Ultras of Hamburgo and the descent to second (Germany).

In the last four years they had already touched it, with an agonizing salvation in 2017 and two stays in the promotion (in Germany, the third-to-last faces the third in Second for the third place in First, as in Spain, but it was in 2018 when there has been a historical event in German football, Hamburg, the only team that had played every season (55) of the Bundesliga, has descended on Saturday to the second division. The clock of the Volksparkstadion has stopped 54 years, 261 after and 36 minutes later. It was the representation of the 'might' of the German team, the symbol that represented something unique in the Teutonic country. European Champion in 1983, the last years were already advancing what would happen now. First decline since the Bundesliga was created.     The fans of Hamburg say goodbye to the Bundesliga after 54 years invading the court with flares.And, before signing the disaster, already in the final minutes, the ultras stopped the game against Borussia Mönchengladbach and launched flares into the field, provoking a spectacular police display. They also threw firecrackers, forming a 'mini bombing' in the field itself. Although throughout the match the fans supported their team, looking for the miracle, before the referee announced the end of the match, the ultras showed all their anger. The smoke that formed in the stadium was enormous. The referee stopped the match, which was not resumed until 20 minutes later. This Saturday Hamburg won (2-1), but the victory of Wolfsburg to Cologne (4-1) condemned them to direct promotion.

Curva A and Curva B ultras of Napoli (Napoles)

The ultras of Naples are famous throughout Italy for the disturbances they cause in other cities, as well as for the large number of displaced ultras. In Italy, the napoletani ultras do not enjoy a good reputation, and are considered by many groups as a collective without ideals; nevertheless, in many occasions, the bad reputation of the Neapolitan ultras is an extension of the thought that is had, in general in all Italy, of the own inhabitants of the city.It should be noted, in this sense, that the ultras of Naples have friendships with other groups in the country: one of the most famous twins of the transalpine country is the one they have with the ultras of Genoa, dating from May 1982. They also have good relations with the Antras of Ancona and, interestingly, with two rival Sicilian groups: the Ultras of Palermo and those of Catania.

 

The Neapolitan tifosi have been hit on several occasions by the restrictive measures of the Italian laws. In the 2007-2008 season, they were banned from entering any visiting stadium in up to nine championship games; and in 2008-2009, as a result of incidents at the Stazione Centrale di Napoli and the Stadio Olímpico di Roma, the ban was imposed for the rest of the transfer throughout the season. The ultras of Napoli are located in the two Curves of the Stadio San Paolo in Naples: Curve A and Curve B. Historically, the Curve with the most ultra tradition has been B, but for several years now the most famous ultras and numerous of the Napoli are located in the opposite bottom.The Neapolitan tifosi have been hit on several occasions by the restrictive measures of the Italian laws. In the 2007-2008 season, they were banned from entering any visiting stadium in up to nine championship games; and in 2008-2009, as a result of incidents at the Stazione Centrale di Napoli and the Stadio Olímpico di Roma, the ban was imposed for the rest of the transfer throughout the season.

Supporters Gol Sur ultras of Real Betis Balonpié (Spain)

The origins of the group goes back to the year 1969, when an animation group emerged from the "El Chupe" club, not being recognized as an ultra group until October 12, 1986 during a league match between Real Betis Balompié and the Real Sporting de Gijón. A group of about 30 young people are placed in the lower area of ​​the South Goal of the Benito Villamarín Stadium. As of the 94/95 Supporters Gol South season, a growth phase begins. The number of supporters rises in such a way that the South Goal completes the capacity only with partners. In the season 01/02 Supporters Gol Sur celebrated its XV Anniversary. In the match against FC Barcelona, ​​the green-and-white players jumped on the turf with the Group shirts that commemorated this event. During the 06-07 season, Supporters Gol Sur celebrated its 20th Anniversary coinciding with the centenary of Real Betis Balompié. In their beginnings they were Andalusian nationalists of the extreme left, until 1991 when the group emerged a faction called skin betis, which changed the ideology to the extreme right which continues to be maintained at the moment.Currently, the Supporters Gol Sur group has a good relationship with other ultra groups in Spain such as Frente Atletico and Ultra Boys. Supporters Gol Sur fulfilled its "XXX" Anniversary in 2016 being one of the oldest ultras groups in Spain.

Frente Atletico ultras of Atletico de Madrid (Spain)

The Athletic Front is an ultra amateur group of the Club Atlético de Madrid founded with that name in 1982. It had around 2,500 members in 2014,2, making it the largest group of Spanish football.Its origin can be traced back to 1968, when the Fondo Sur boulder was created.The Frente Atlético was officially founded in 1982. Originally it was going to be called Brigata Rossibianca, but the club advised that a name be taken in Spanish and decided to adopt the "Frente Atlético", in reference to the falangista organization Frente de Juventudes, to which some of its members belonged.The club offered him financial and institutional help so that it could begin to function.In its early years it was characterized by being involved in various incidents and fights with other ultras groups.Members of Bastión - a section of the Athletic Front - were involved in the murder of Aitor Zabaleta, a follower of the Real Sociedad de Fútbol, ​​8 who died on December, 1998 as a result of a stab in the vicinity of the Vicente Calderón stadium.Ricardo Guerra, belonging to the group, was sentenced to 17 years in prison for the death of the Donostiarra fan. They have been classified in the media as an organization of the extreme right or as an organization directed by individuals related to the extreme right.13 A survey revealed the predominance in the political spectrum in which the members of the organization were placed. political preferences of the right and extreme right (15 and 19%, respectively) despite a certain transversality in the spectrum (with some members, 2%, positioning themselves on the extreme left) .In 2005, the Anti-Violence Commission proposed several sanctions against the rojiblanco club for the launching of flares, smoke cans, firecrackers and bottles, as well as insults uttered by a member of the Front to supporters of the Oporto Football Club and for the exhibition of a banner by another member of the Front that "incited xenophobia and racism" .The ultra group was directly involved in the field fight between ultra groups in the vicinity of the Vicente Calderón stadium that led to the murder on November 30, 2014 of Francisco Javier Romero Taboada, aka Jimmy, member of the "soft" section of the group ultra Deportivo de la Coruña Riazor Blues, victim of a beating and ended up thrown into the river Manzanares.On December 2, 2014 Atletico Madrid ejected some radicals involved in the Vicente Calderón Athletic Front due to the incident.

Diffuse Galaxy ultras of LA Galaxy (USA)

An ultra diffuse galaxy (UDG) is an extremely low luminosity galaxy first discovered in the nearby Virgo Cluster by Allan Sandage and Bruno Binggeli in 1984. Such a galaxy may have the same size and mass as the Milky Way but a visible star count of only 1%. Their lack of luminosity is due to the lack of star-forming gas in the galaxy. This results in old stellar populations.
Some ultra diffuse galaxies found in the Coma Cluster, about 330 million light years from Earth, have diameters of 60 kly (18 kpc) (more than half the size of our galaxy) with 1% of the stars of the Milky Way Galaxy. The distribution of ultra diffuse galaxies in the Coma Cluster is the same as luminous galaxies; this suggests that the cluster environment strips the gas from the galaxies, while allowing them to populate the cluster the same as more luminous galaxies. The similar distribution in the higher tidal force zones suggests a larger dark matter fraction to hold the galaxies together under the higher stress.
Dragonfly 44, a ultra diffuse galaxy in the Coma Cluster, is one example. Observations of the rotational speed suggest a mass of about one trillion solar masses, about the same as the mass of the Milky Way. This is also consistent with about 90 globular clusters observed around Dragonfly 44. However, the galaxy emits only 1% of the light emitted by the Milky Way. On 25 August 2016, astronomers reported that Dragonfly 44 may be made almost entirely of dark matter. In 2018 the same authors reported the discovery of a dark matter-free UDG (NGC 1052-DF2, which was already identified on photoplates by Igor Karachentsev) based on velocity measurements of ~10 globular cluster system. The authors concluded that this may rule out modified gravity theories like MOND, but other theories such as the External Field Effect are also possibilities.